The life and times of worker bees Part 1 Carers

Worker bees, not surprisingly, do the work to keep the hive healthy and happy. As Timothy the beekeeper said: bees are stupid but the hive or colony is intelligent. And well organized. Worker bees don’t all do all the work all of the time. Worker bees start their working lives feeding the queen and larvae and doing cleaning duties. For the purpose they have Royal Jelly producing glands. But when they get older and the glands stop functioning they build comb cells for the eggs to be laid in. Photo Amanda Stevens

Virgin queens

Queens are raised in specially constructed queen cells that start out as queen cups. Queen cups are larger than the cells in a normal brood comb. Once the reigning queen lays eggs in the queen cups the worker bees start building it up. As the young queen larva pupates the workers cap the cell with beeswax. The new Virgin Queen lifts the cap off when she is ready to emerge. By then the reigning queen has usually left the colony in a huff with a swarm. As soon as the old queen has left the hive a palace revolution breaks out with different virgin queens vying for supremacy. During the revolution the virgin queens are all over the colony restlessly seeking out the competition. For the beekeeper it is a nightmare trying to find and isolate them before they sting each other to death. Nature has provided the virgin queens with a stinger without the usual barbs making it possible for them to sting more than once without dying. The colony remains in swarm mode till all but one virgin queen have left or are killed leaving the hive depleted. Again it is the movies that my imagination turns to: The Virgin Suicides (1999) by Sofia Coppola, but most of all Harem Suare (1999) by Ferzan Ozpetek (Polranny Pirates collection). It is not so much that the movies spin a similar tale, but that the world of the bees is still completely unreal to me. I take to anything that even vaguely puts me on firm ground.

Larvae and the making of the queen

The creature that comes out of the egg is the larva. Before becoming proper bees larvae undergo moultings and spin a cocoon within the cell in the comb and pupate. All larvae are first fed on Royal Jelly which is produced by a gland of the worker bees. Later they get fed on honey and pollen except for the future and reigning queen, she’ll gets always fed on Royal Jelly, hence its name. The worker bees decide who is going to be queen when the old one is either weakening or dead. To do so they choose several small larvae and make special royal cells or queen cups where they feed them a lot of Royal Jelly. This type of feeding triggers the development of the queen’s long abdomen with fully developed ovaries and spermatheca. Collecting these data from the Internet I immediately get associations with costume dramas like the gloomy and fateful Elisabeth (1998) by Shekhar Kapur (part of the Polranny Pirates' film collection). I’m sure others will spring to mind as the kingdom of the bees is like a matriarchy.

Of hexagonal honeycombs and larvae

‘Lets have a look inside the hives,’ Timothy the beekeeper said and took the lid off the starter hives. First there was a shelf with feeder bags. He took that off too. Inside the beehives hung a number of frames. Most screens were filled with honeycombs. Some were empty and others were half filled. ‘The bees make honeycombs with beeswax that they secreted from a gland. The hexagonal combs are little rooms for the larvae to grow in. Some screens have already pre-fixed combs in them.’ Timothy explained. ‘We help them along by putting in screens that are already filled with pre cast combs. The larvae are fed on honey.’